Tyre Pyrolysis Oil (TPO) is a type of fuel oil derived from the pyrolysis process of waste tires. Here’s a detailed description:

Production Process:

Tyre pyrolysis involves heating waste tires in the absence of oxygen to break down the rubber into various products, including oil, gas, 

and carbon black. The process typically occurs at temperatures between 300°C to 800°C.

Properties:

TPO has the following characteristics:

1. Density: 0.9-1.0 g/cm³

2. Viscosity: 2-10 cSt (centistokes)

3. Flash Point: 60-80°C

4. Sulfur Content: 0.5-1.5%

5. Ash Content: 0.1-0.5%

6. Calorific Value: 40-45 MJ/kg

7. Color: Dark brown to black

Composition:

TPO typically consists of:

1. Aromatic Hydrocarbons: 40-60%

2. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: 20-40%

3. Naphthenic Hydrocarbons: 10-20%

4. Asphaltene: 5-10%

Uses:

TPO can be used as:

1. Industrial Fuel: Power generation, cement production, and industrial boilers

2. Marine Fuel: Bunker fuel for ships

3. Diesel Fuel: Blended with diesel to improve performance

4. Lubricant: Base oil for lubricant production

5. Refinery Feedstock: Further processed to produce petroleum products

Benefits:

1. Waste Management: Reduces waste tire disposal issues

2. Renewable Energy: Alternative fuel source

3. Economic Benefits: Creates jobs and stimulates local economies

4. Environmental Benefits: Decreases greenhouse gas emissions and mitigates pollution

Challenges:

1. Quality Variability: Depends on feedstock and production process

2. Contamination: Presence of impurities and pollutants

3. Regulatory Framework: Lack of standardized regulations

4. Market Acceptance: Limited awareness and acceptance