Mineral Hydrocarbon Oil (MHO) refers to a class of petroleum-based oils derived from crude oil refining.

Definition:

MHO is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily paraffinic and naphthenic, with varying carbon chain lengths.

Properties:

1. Density: 0.80-0.95 g/cm³

2. Viscosity: 10-100 mm²/s (at 40°C)

3. Flash point: 100-250°C

4. Pour point: -30 to 0°C

5. Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents

Types:

1. Light Mineral Oil (LMO)

2. Medium Mineral Oil (MMO)

3. Heavy Mineral Oil (HMO)

4. Mineral Hydraulic Oil (MHO)

5. Mineral Turpentine Oil (MTO)

Uses:

1. Lubricants (industrial, automotive)

2. Hydraulic fluids

3. Cutting oils (metalworking)

4. Cleaning agents

5. Cosmetics and personal care products

Specifications:

MHO meets various national and international standards, including:

1. API (American Petroleum Institute)

2. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)

3. ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

4. DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung)

Manufacturers:

1. ExxonMobil

2. Shell

3. Chevron

4. BP

5. Total

Benefits:

1. Wide range of viscosities

2. Good thermal stability

3. Low volatility

4. Compatibility with various materials

Safety and Handling:

1. Flammable and combustible

2. Skin and eye irritant

3. Use protective equipment (gloves, goggles, mask) when handling

Environmental Impact:

1. Potential water pollution

2. Soil contamination

3. Air pollution (VOCs)